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MPC931

Low Voltage PLL Clock Driver

Motorola => Freescale 

MPC930 MPC931

fref

VCO

Phase

Detector LPF

÷P

÷N

Qn

÷m

+ + fref

fVCO

m

,

fVCO

fQn · N · P

N + fref

fQn · N · P

m

m=8

P = 1 (Power_Dn=‘0’), 2 (Power_Dn=‘1’)

Figure 15. PLL Block Diagram

be driven by each output of the MPC930/931 clock driver. For

the series terminated case however there is no DC current

draw, thus the outputs can drive multiple series terminated

lines. Figure 16 illustrates an output driving a single series

terminated line vs two series terminated lines in parallel.

When taken to its extreme the fanout of the MPC930/931

clock driver is effectively doubled due to its capability to drive

multiple lines.

MPC930/931

OUTPUT

BUFFER

IN

7Ω

RS = 43Ω ZO = 50Ω

OutA

For the MPC930 clock driver, the following will provide an

example of how to determine the crystal frequency required

for a given design.

Given:

Qa = 66.6MHz

Qb = 33.3MHz

Qc = 22.2MHz

Power_Dn = ‘0’

+ fref

fQn · N · P

m

From Table 4

fQc = VCO/6 then N = 6

From Figure 15

m = 8 and P = 1

+ + fref

22.22 · 6 · 1

8

16.66MHz

Driving Transmission Lines

The MPC930/931 clock driver was designed to drive high

speed signals in a terminated transmission line environment.

To provide the optimum flexibility to the user the output

drivers were designed to exhibit the lowest impedance

possible. With an output impedance of less than 10Ω the

drivers can drive either parallel or series terminated

transmission lines. For more information on transmission

lines the reader is referred to application note AN1091 in the

Timing Solutions brochure (BR1333/D).

In most high performance clock networks point–to–point

distribution of signals is the method of choice. In a

point–to–point scheme either series terminated or parallel

terminated transmission lines can be used. The parallel

technique terminates the signal at the end of the line with a

50Ω resistance to VCC/2. This technique draws a fairly high

level of DC current and thus only a single terminated line can

MPC930/931

OUTPUT

BUFFER

IN

7Ω

RS = 43Ω ZO = 50Ω

RS = 43Ω ZO = 50Ω

OutB0

OutB1

Figure 16. Single versus Dual Transmission Lines

The waveform plots of Figure 17 show the simulation

results of an output driving a single line vs two lines. In both

cases the drive capability of the MPC930/931 output buffers

is more than sufficient to drive 50Ω transmission lines on the

incident edge. Note from the delay measurements in the

simulations a delta of only 43ps exists between the two

differently loaded outputs. This suggests that the dual line

driving need not be used exclusively to maintain the tight

output–to–output skew of the MPC930/931. The output

waveform in Figure 17 shows a step in the waveform, this

step is caused by the impedance mismatch seen looking into

the driver. The parallel combination of the 43Ω series resistor

plus the output impedance does not match the parallel

combination of the line impedances. The voltage wave

launched down the two lines will equal:

VL = VS ( Zo / (Rs + Ro +Zo))

Zo = 50Ω || 50Ω

Rs = 43Ω || 43Ω

Ro = 7Ω

VL = 3.0 (25 / (21.5 + 7 + 25) = 3.0 (25 / 53.5)

= 1.40V

At the load end the voltage will double, due to the near

unity reflection coefficient, to 2.8V. It will then increment

towards the quiescent 3.0V in steps separated by one round

trip delay (in this case 4.0ns).

TIMING SOLUTIONS

11

BR1333 — Rev 6

MOTOROLA

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